The entire globe remember the name of the person, and unusual smile Yuri Alekseevich Gagarin! (LIFE (c))
black and white photo professional photo
black and white photo professional photo
Why Gagarin?
October 24, 1959 on the beautiful alleys staromoskovskogo Park raduyuschego eyes century oak, maple and belostvolnymi slender birches, light confident gait, a little spring step was low rusovolosy lieutenant in the form of flight - Yuri A. Gagarin. During his appearance, the right of same, there was nothing remarkable, but he was pleased glance right and bearing the frank pleasure to be walked on rumbustious autumn foliage. Not very observant counter to mention charming, heartfelt smile that has some special properties.
In those days, from different parts of the military from all over the Soviet Union arrived in the Central Scientific Research Aviation Hospital of the pilots who have been pre-selected. It hardly could have imagined some of them that their future will soon eclipse the glory of past idols ...
In 1959, a scientific institute of Aviation Medicine has been created for the selection and training of astronauts. Headed by its excellent air and an excellent athlete Physician - NN Gurovsky. Time passes, and Yuri Gagarin will remember who was destined to enter in the squad of cosmonauts: "Glorious picked our guys ... There is one that the mother of all - this will become a real pilot, a cosmonaut. Calling All Space And will call . As a perpetual challenge. "
It is this "eternal call" forced to leave their homes while their part, the usual circle of friends and commanders, a real good prospect and start from scratch unknown, inconceivable difficult. Meaning it will be evaluated after a considerable time, and yet ...
The sister-hostess Lisa Chibisova Gagarin accorded to the House of "Lords", where he obstupili "old" - Titov, Popovich, Nikolayev, Belyaev began "intelligence battle." Tendentiously "interrogated" a new friend, where he served as long as download, is there any family. Wonderful charm Yuri is simply incomprehensible, and the ease with which he could win hearts, and this time made his case: immediately and unconditionally, he was recognized as the "Lords" his.
Kosmonavtov selected medical commission of the most authoritative experts, who were the most advanced clinical, physiological, electrophysiological and biochemical devices and methods. It was extremely difficult for doctors and patients, the first small step to the flight, which helps to identify the physiological and possible reserves of the organism, as well as physiological features of rights.
Do Gagarin had good eyes, heart and lungs. Chief Cabinet surgical NS Ivlev carefully examined X-ray images of the spine. Soon, the first meeting with the chief surgeon of the Soviet Army AA Vishnevsky, which allowed Yuri Alekseevich begin special training. Molodtsov shown himself to Gagarin during vestibular samples on a rotating chair and special swing from experienced aviation physician II Bryanova.
Features organism Yuri was amazing. At all load (functional tests, he had excellent results, showing the plasticity of adaptive mechanisms to a variety of influences (vibration, overload, hypoxia).
October 24, 1959 on the beautiful alleys staromoskovskogo Park raduyuschego eyes century oak, maple and belostvolnymi slender birches, light confident gait, a little spring step was low rusovolosy lieutenant in the form of flight - Yuri A. Gagarin. During his appearance, the right of same, there was nothing remarkable, but he was pleased glance right and bearing the frank pleasure to be walked on rumbustious autumn foliage. Not very observant counter to mention charming, heartfelt smile that has some special properties.
In those days, from different parts of the military from all over the Soviet Union arrived in the Central Scientific Research Aviation Hospital of the pilots who have been pre-selected. It hardly could have imagined some of them that their future will soon eclipse the glory of past idols ...
In 1959, a scientific institute of Aviation Medicine has been created for the selection and training of astronauts. Headed by its excellent air and an excellent athlete Physician - NN Gurovsky. Time passes, and Yuri Gagarin will remember who was destined to enter in the squad of cosmonauts: "Glorious picked our guys ... There is one that the mother of all - this will become a real pilot, a cosmonaut. Calling All Space And will call . As a perpetual challenge. "
It is this "eternal call" forced to leave their homes while their part, the usual circle of friends and commanders, a real good prospect and start from scratch unknown, inconceivable difficult. Meaning it will be evaluated after a considerable time, and yet ...
The sister-hostess Lisa Chibisova Gagarin accorded to the House of "Lords", where he obstupili "old" - Titov, Popovich, Nikolayev, Belyaev began "intelligence battle." Tendentiously "interrogated" a new friend, where he served as long as download, is there any family. Wonderful charm Yuri is simply incomprehensible, and the ease with which he could win hearts, and this time made his case: immediately and unconditionally, he was recognized as the "Lords" his.
Kosmonavtov selected medical commission of the most authoritative experts, who were the most advanced clinical, physiological, electrophysiological and biochemical devices and methods. It was extremely difficult for doctors and patients, the first small step to the flight, which helps to identify the physiological and possible reserves of the organism, as well as physiological features of rights.
Do Gagarin had good eyes, heart and lungs. Chief Cabinet surgical NS Ivlev carefully examined X-ray images of the spine. Soon, the first meeting with the chief surgeon of the Soviet Army AA Vishnevsky, which allowed Yuri Alekseevich begin special training. Molodtsov shown himself to Gagarin during vestibular samples on a rotating chair and special swing from experienced aviation physician II Bryanova.
Features organism Yuri was amazing. At all load (functional tests, he had excellent results, showing the plasticity of adaptive mechanisms to a variety of influences (vibration, overload, hypoxia).
An important stage of preparation - the clinic - a psychological examination. It would be candidates for the Research Aviation Hospital under the supervision of experienced psychologists recognized FJ Gorbova and K. Iosi-Lian. At the first meeting with psychologists Gagarin was collected and strict, careful and focused. He already knew that going to work with tables, equipment, psychological tests, to answer the many questions tested memory, intelligence, quickness of intellectual and emotional reactions, quickness,
enterprise. Gagarin acted and responded to questions accurately and flawlessly. External interference from affecting the quality of his answers. Gagarin was a particular ability to evaluate the means at its disposal and the time to plan their actions, the ability to easily hesitation to make decisions with little information and time. It was found that in stressful situations and unusual circumstances, it is cool, nahodchiv, quickly assesses the situation, ably responding to sudden changes in conditions of the experiment.
Gagarin had to be even more difficult antiorthostatic sample. His back to the table pristegnuli tight straps. Within 10 minutes, he calmly stayed in a horizontal position. Laborantka recorded physiological parameters. Then the table together with Gagarin turned into a vertical position and 20 minutes recorded electrocardiogram, blood pressure, biotoki brain. The next position - upside down (inclination 60 °). The survey followed the survey. Sought not only the hidden pathology or reduced stability of the organism to conditions of space flight, but also find out, so to speak, the compatibility of the earthly man and space. Gagarin had on shaker table, raised in the pressure chamber, to rotate the centrifuge, checked the memory and the ability to concentrate. At any stage of testing a pilot has the right to refuse to further research and to leave the hospital (such cases have been). But Gagarin did not intend to retreat.
Jury characterized by an amazing eye and an excellent memory. All staff members he knew by name and patronymic, it was a great psychologist. Could all help and support of everyone. It is time for Gagarin and Bykovsky be tested in the pressure chamber. Before the test Yuri A. walked on the damp dark alleys. Admired the autumn, spicy smelling carpet of burgundy-red leaves. We remove "otkrestitsya" from the forthcoming tomorrow ... The next morning after charging and measurement of blood pressure and Gagarin Bykovsky appeared before Chief barolabo-ratorii GP Mikhailovskoye.
On this day in the pressure chamber, both pilot tested in the portability of the hypoxia. At a height of 5 square meters, breathing air, they should have prosidet 30 min. The speed of recovery and the slope is about 15 m / sec. The test is finished. The conclusion of doctors: "The portability of hypoxia good."
The next step - stay on the "height of" 6 square meters, and then to the "height of 14 thousand meters, but with oxygen for 20 min at a speed of lifting and lowering 20 - 45 m / sec. Every time in history Gagarina appeared optimistic note: "Best." The tests went according to plan. Preparations for the survey on a centrifuge. And now meet their laboratory accelerations - a small one-storied wooden building, located in the park. In the center of the round hall, an area about 70 m2, located centrifuge. It has two shoulder radius of 3.6 m. A number of the remote control, sophisticated medical equipment, medical table. Gagarin carefully considering the treacherous device, sit in a chair. It is well known that it is the dream of many centrifuge broke his colleagues.
Early in the morning it was already clear raportoval doctor AR Котовской and P. Suvorov: "Lieutenant Gagarin of the test is ready!" Suvorov asked again to examine carefully the instructions. Laborantka Valea Denisova attached electrodes to record electrocardiograms, sensors for determining blood pressure and registration of hemodynamic performance. Gagarina, weigh, respectively, to its weight (68 kg), set on the opposite end of the centrifuge balance (sandbags). Jury in a chair, locked, ready for the rotation speed of trains on the dissipation of light signals. To do this, Suvorov lights green lights on the scoreboard, which is located in front of the eyes tested, and Gagarin, clicking on the button tangetki, extinguishes them. And found an excellent response. Then check the sight: everything is in order. The first phase of testing - the impact of congestion in the direction of the head to tazu in three, five, seven units (over 30 in each) - Gagarin withstood successfully. And there is still more difficult test.
In the latest series of surveys on the centrifuge were created cross over to the chest, back, with seat-back angle from vertical to 65 °. The rotation of the centrifuge was carried out as follows: seven pieces in three minutes, nine and ten units - two minutes. Conduct only one rotation. The medical protocol is written: "The cross-over aimed at seven, nine and ten units of Y. Gagarin moved well. Admitted to special training." According to the decision of the main committee, will select candidates for the astronauts, the pilots of the 250 were found eligible, only 20. Among them - Gagarin, Titov, Nikolayev, Popovich, Leonov, Bykovsky ...
In March 1960, the garrison of future astronauts placed at the central meteorological aerodrome them. Frunze, opposite Metro Dynamo. The head coach and first team of astronauts has been appointed as the famous hero of the Soviet Union, pilot, Lieutenant General Aviation NP Kamanin, the first Chief of Cosmonaut Training Center - an experienced aviation physician EA Karpov.
enterprise. Gagarin acted and responded to questions accurately and flawlessly. External interference from affecting the quality of his answers. Gagarin was a particular ability to evaluate the means at its disposal and the time to plan their actions, the ability to easily hesitation to make decisions with little information and time. It was found that in stressful situations and unusual circumstances, it is cool, nahodchiv, quickly assesses the situation, ably responding to sudden changes in conditions of the experiment.
Gagarin had to be even more difficult antiorthostatic sample. His back to the table pristegnuli tight straps. Within 10 minutes, he calmly stayed in a horizontal position. Laborantka recorded physiological parameters. Then the table together with Gagarin turned into a vertical position and 20 minutes recorded electrocardiogram, blood pressure, biotoki brain. The next position - upside down (inclination 60 °). The survey followed the survey. Sought not only the hidden pathology or reduced stability of the organism to conditions of space flight, but also find out, so to speak, the compatibility of the earthly man and space. Gagarin had on shaker table, raised in the pressure chamber, to rotate the centrifuge, checked the memory and the ability to concentrate. At any stage of testing a pilot has the right to refuse to further research and to leave the hospital (such cases have been). But Gagarin did not intend to retreat.
Jury characterized by an amazing eye and an excellent memory. All staff members he knew by name and patronymic, it was a great psychologist. Could all help and support of everyone. It is time for Gagarin and Bykovsky be tested in the pressure chamber. Before the test Yuri A. walked on the damp dark alleys. Admired the autumn, spicy smelling carpet of burgundy-red leaves. We remove "otkrestitsya" from the forthcoming tomorrow ... The next morning after charging and measurement of blood pressure and Gagarin Bykovsky appeared before Chief barolabo-ratorii GP Mikhailovskoye.
On this day in the pressure chamber, both pilot tested in the portability of the hypoxia. At a height of 5 square meters, breathing air, they should have prosidet 30 min. The speed of recovery and the slope is about 15 m / sec. The test is finished. The conclusion of doctors: "The portability of hypoxia good."
The next step - stay on the "height of" 6 square meters, and then to the "height of 14 thousand meters, but with oxygen for 20 min at a speed of lifting and lowering 20 - 45 m / sec. Every time in history Gagarina appeared optimistic note: "Best." The tests went according to plan. Preparations for the survey on a centrifuge. And now meet their laboratory accelerations - a small one-storied wooden building, located in the park. In the center of the round hall, an area about 70 m2, located centrifuge. It has two shoulder radius of 3.6 m. A number of the remote control, sophisticated medical equipment, medical table. Gagarin carefully considering the treacherous device, sit in a chair. It is well known that it is the dream of many centrifuge broke his colleagues.
Early in the morning it was already clear raportoval doctor AR Котовской and P. Suvorov: "Lieutenant Gagarin of the test is ready!" Suvorov asked again to examine carefully the instructions. Laborantka Valea Denisova attached electrodes to record electrocardiograms, sensors for determining blood pressure and registration of hemodynamic performance. Gagarina, weigh, respectively, to its weight (68 kg), set on the opposite end of the centrifuge balance (sandbags). Jury in a chair, locked, ready for the rotation speed of trains on the dissipation of light signals. To do this, Suvorov lights green lights on the scoreboard, which is located in front of the eyes tested, and Gagarin, clicking on the button tangetki, extinguishes them. And found an excellent response. Then check the sight: everything is in order. The first phase of testing - the impact of congestion in the direction of the head to tazu in three, five, seven units (over 30 in each) - Gagarin withstood successfully. And there is still more difficult test.
In the latest series of surveys on the centrifuge were created cross over to the chest, back, with seat-back angle from vertical to 65 °. The rotation of the centrifuge was carried out as follows: seven pieces in three minutes, nine and ten units - two minutes. Conduct only one rotation. The medical protocol is written: "The cross-over aimed at seven, nine and ten units of Y. Gagarin moved well. Admitted to special training." According to the decision of the main committee, will select candidates for the astronauts, the pilots of the 250 were found eligible, only 20. Among them - Gagarin, Titov, Nikolayev, Popovich, Leonov, Bykovsky ...
In March 1960, the garrison of future astronauts placed at the central meteorological aerodrome them. Frunze, opposite Metro Dynamo. The head coach and first team of astronauts has been appointed as the famous hero of the Soviet Union, pilot, Lieutenant General Aviation NP Kamanin, the first Chief of Cosmonaut Training Center - an experienced aviation physician EA Karpov.
Since March 15, the first group of astronauts began planning lessons, training. Initially, training rooms, training stands and athletic fields were located between the subway station "Airport" and "Dinamo", and then moved to the suburbs, in Star City, which gave the name of Yuri Gagarin.
For the basics of rocket technology, design a spacecraft and its systems, studies have KP Feoktistov, M. Tikhonravov and VI Sevastyanov. Lessons on space medicine held one of its founders - VI Yazdovsky. Like the other astronauts, I just do not ever listen to his speech - simple, interesting, lively. Korolev Yazdovskogo very appreciated for its professionalism, responsibility and memory. Undoubted organizational skills and natural intellect enabled VI Yazdovskomu establish
strong team of scientists for many years engaged in medical support of space flight. Very simple, interesting and fascinating lecture read OG Gazenko now academician, advisor to the Institute of Medico-Biological Problems of the USSR Ministry of Health.
Lectures and space communications. It was already known that during his first space flight will operate the system "Dawn", and call sign of the first astronaut to be "Cedar." The main point of space communications was in Moscow, the radio should be held on two systems - for ultra-short-wave and short wave. Much attention is paid preparing astronauts Sergei Pavlovich Korolev. Each of the astronauts SP Korolev met and talked, studied, took, to identify the physiological characteristics. Weekdays squad of cosmonauts were loaded to the limit. Every free minute sessions given to sports: volleyball, basketball, a recognized leader in which, despite a slight increase was Gagarin, the game with the ball, diving from a springboard and tower, exercises on the trampoline, doping, swing, Rhine wheel.
Along with the lessons athletics and sports games, and apply a comprehensive methodology: to improve the coordination of movements of one's body in space, trained vestibular apparatus. Noticeably increased endurance, and power quality Gagarin. Back into the general physical preparedness of the organism, and thus improved and the reaction of the cardiovascular system to physical load. For example, zhiznenmaya lung capacity has increased at an average rate of 250-350 cm3. Coordination of movements, stronger muscles. All this was of great importance in preparing for skydiving. In May 1960, silver "IL-12 with the pilots on board (there were eight) took the course in Saratov. Here at the airfield near the city of Engels to be a new challenge - parachute jumps.
Several osharashenny emergence of dignitaries looked on duty at the aerodrome in all eyes to future astronauts. Okay, taut, funny - everything is matching. The hotel (a long barracks) settled on three (Gagarin, Titov, Nikolayev - together). Honored Master of Sports, the world record for long jump NK Nikitin believed that in his case the theory is no less important than practice. Already the next morning he began to acquaint the group with the structure and history of the parachute. A strict pridirchiv, although he knew that was the case with almost professional, because pilots have fighter aircraft have repeatedly skydive in their armed forces. Nikitin taught future astronauts various ways to separate from the parachute, the definition of the distance to the ground, landing in the water, jumping in normal clothes and in suit, the management body during free-fall until the parachute. His pets, he wanted to do the masters of the highest class, taught them difficult jump, and the ability to go from shtopornogo situation.
Gagarin was the first jump to be extremely successful. It seemed that all the benefit to him. Weather Flight, excellent condition. Of course, affected by cool and assembly of Yuri, his steady confidence in the success of any business. And this time: to separate from the aircraft and landed safely. But the instructor did observed a narrow distribution of the legs and small torso deflection. Throughout the training cycle Gagarin showed rare poise and confidence. Before one jumps from a height of 4 square meters to the delayed disclosure of a parachute to 50 with his pulse was 80 beats per minute! Quickly he developed a skill proficiency body in space with the longest jumps. And on his account had already Yuri A. 43 jump.
Ahead of the new test. At this time of silence in the chamber. Doctors responsible for conducting surveys in surdokamere necessary to determine the neuro-psychological resilience to human space flight, were physicians psychologists FJ Gorb, GV Izosimov, IA Kolosov, and lead engineer MI Klevtsov.
July 26, 1960 taut and svelte Gagarin went into space surdokamery. She was in Petrovsko-Razumovskaya park near the stadium "Dinamo". No light, no noise, no steps have not penetrate into the chamber of silence. In complete isolation from the outside world is a future astronaut. Ten days to him to stay one. To work, to perform special tasks, stay collected and carefully, relying only on themselves.
He has the tools to master. It has been a recent cooking. Laborantka enhanced sensors and electrodes for recording the frequency of breathing, the brain, and electrocardiogram biotokov. Heavy tight door closed behind him, separated from the usual expensive world. On each day of the calendar was compiled. In the morning fizzaryadka, bicycle ergometer, walking and jogging in place, testing, and monitoring and records of temperature, pressure surdokamere, keeping a diary of work and much more. On duty for us not go, though they laughed at jokes in the inexhaustible tale surveyed. In order not to miss, Gagarin downloaded a supplementary work with astronavigatsionnymi devices.
Menu Gagarin was the contents of the tubes with supami, smoked sausages, melting cheese, bread. With each passing day, increasing the number of entries in the journal on-call doctors - all clock activity and well-being of the astronauts during sutov. In early August, I went into the room, where sat FJ Gorb leading observing in surdokamere Gagarin. "Well, as they surveyed solitude?" - I asked. "It is, perhaps, best of all," - smiled Gorb.
Approaching the surdokamere, I looked in the window. Yuri with taut legs and a bow on the chest head doze in his chair. His face was calm and happy person. That his natural ability to quickly switch from active to a complete relaxation always amazed doctors. In the forced solitude he read Pushkin, Mayakovsky, use the library, presented to future astronauts publishing "The Young Guard." Dedicated artists singing your favorite "I love you, life." Ran out of the tenth day. In the room where the surdokamera gathered doctors VI Yazdov-Volga, OG Gazenko, I. Gu-rovsky, a cameraman and reporters. Opened the massive door, and appeared Gagarin ... the same as always, a healthy, cheerful, but terribly missing the people and live human speech. The survey confirmed: the response to the isolation is adequate, there was rapid orientation in the ambient space of one's emotions, emotional stability, sense of humor, positive attitude towards people.
For the basics of rocket technology, design a spacecraft and its systems, studies have KP Feoktistov, M. Tikhonravov and VI Sevastyanov. Lessons on space medicine held one of its founders - VI Yazdovsky. Like the other astronauts, I just do not ever listen to his speech - simple, interesting, lively. Korolev Yazdovskogo very appreciated for its professionalism, responsibility and memory. Undoubted organizational skills and natural intellect enabled VI Yazdovskomu establish
strong team of scientists for many years engaged in medical support of space flight. Very simple, interesting and fascinating lecture read OG Gazenko now academician, advisor to the Institute of Medico-Biological Problems of the USSR Ministry of Health.
Lectures and space communications. It was already known that during his first space flight will operate the system "Dawn", and call sign of the first astronaut to be "Cedar." The main point of space communications was in Moscow, the radio should be held on two systems - for ultra-short-wave and short wave. Much attention is paid preparing astronauts Sergei Pavlovich Korolev. Each of the astronauts SP Korolev met and talked, studied, took, to identify the physiological characteristics. Weekdays squad of cosmonauts were loaded to the limit. Every free minute sessions given to sports: volleyball, basketball, a recognized leader in which, despite a slight increase was Gagarin, the game with the ball, diving from a springboard and tower, exercises on the trampoline, doping, swing, Rhine wheel.
Along with the lessons athletics and sports games, and apply a comprehensive methodology: to improve the coordination of movements of one's body in space, trained vestibular apparatus. Noticeably increased endurance, and power quality Gagarin. Back into the general physical preparedness of the organism, and thus improved and the reaction of the cardiovascular system to physical load. For example, zhiznenmaya lung capacity has increased at an average rate of 250-350 cm3. Coordination of movements, stronger muscles. All this was of great importance in preparing for skydiving. In May 1960, silver "IL-12 with the pilots on board (there were eight) took the course in Saratov. Here at the airfield near the city of Engels to be a new challenge - parachute jumps.
Several osharashenny emergence of dignitaries looked on duty at the aerodrome in all eyes to future astronauts. Okay, taut, funny - everything is matching. The hotel (a long barracks) settled on three (Gagarin, Titov, Nikolayev - together). Honored Master of Sports, the world record for long jump NK Nikitin believed that in his case the theory is no less important than practice. Already the next morning he began to acquaint the group with the structure and history of the parachute. A strict pridirchiv, although he knew that was the case with almost professional, because pilots have fighter aircraft have repeatedly skydive in their armed forces. Nikitin taught future astronauts various ways to separate from the parachute, the definition of the distance to the ground, landing in the water, jumping in normal clothes and in suit, the management body during free-fall until the parachute. His pets, he wanted to do the masters of the highest class, taught them difficult jump, and the ability to go from shtopornogo situation.
Gagarin was the first jump to be extremely successful. It seemed that all the benefit to him. Weather Flight, excellent condition. Of course, affected by cool and assembly of Yuri, his steady confidence in the success of any business. And this time: to separate from the aircraft and landed safely. But the instructor did observed a narrow distribution of the legs and small torso deflection. Throughout the training cycle Gagarin showed rare poise and confidence. Before one jumps from a height of 4 square meters to the delayed disclosure of a parachute to 50 with his pulse was 80 beats per minute! Quickly he developed a skill proficiency body in space with the longest jumps. And on his account had already Yuri A. 43 jump.
Ahead of the new test. At this time of silence in the chamber. Doctors responsible for conducting surveys in surdokamere necessary to determine the neuro-psychological resilience to human space flight, were physicians psychologists FJ Gorb, GV Izosimov, IA Kolosov, and lead engineer MI Klevtsov.
July 26, 1960 taut and svelte Gagarin went into space surdokamery. She was in Petrovsko-Razumovskaya park near the stadium "Dinamo". No light, no noise, no steps have not penetrate into the chamber of silence. In complete isolation from the outside world is a future astronaut. Ten days to him to stay one. To work, to perform special tasks, stay collected and carefully, relying only on themselves.
He has the tools to master. It has been a recent cooking. Laborantka enhanced sensors and electrodes for recording the frequency of breathing, the brain, and electrocardiogram biotokov. Heavy tight door closed behind him, separated from the usual expensive world. On each day of the calendar was compiled. In the morning fizzaryadka, bicycle ergometer, walking and jogging in place, testing, and monitoring and records of temperature, pressure surdokamere, keeping a diary of work and much more. On duty for us not go, though they laughed at jokes in the inexhaustible tale surveyed. In order not to miss, Gagarin downloaded a supplementary work with astronavigatsionnymi devices.
Menu Gagarin was the contents of the tubes with supami, smoked sausages, melting cheese, bread. With each passing day, increasing the number of entries in the journal on-call doctors - all clock activity and well-being of the astronauts during sutov. In early August, I went into the room, where sat FJ Gorb leading observing in surdokamere Gagarin. "Well, as they surveyed solitude?" - I asked. "It is, perhaps, best of all," - smiled Gorb.
Approaching the surdokamere, I looked in the window. Yuri with taut legs and a bow on the chest head doze in his chair. His face was calm and happy person. That his natural ability to quickly switch from active to a complete relaxation always amazed doctors. In the forced solitude he read Pushkin, Mayakovsky, use the library, presented to future astronauts publishing "The Young Guard." Dedicated artists singing your favorite "I love you, life." Ran out of the tenth day. In the room where the surdokamera gathered doctors VI Yazdov-Volga, OG Gazenko, I. Gu-rovsky, a cameraman and reporters. Opened the massive door, and appeared Gagarin ... the same as always, a healthy, cheerful, but terribly missing the people and live human speech. The survey confirmed: the response to the isolation is adequate, there was rapid orientation in the ambient space of one's emotions, emotional stability, sense of humor, positive attitude towards people.
Upcoming tests in zero gravity. In May 1960, began the study, training flights in an airplane UTI-MiG-15 (repeated short-term weightlessness). These studies are led by an eminent physician space EM Yuganov, I helped him. Cosmonauts had to perform three flights of parabolic trajectories. The first flight, they were acquainted with the state of weightlessness, fulfilled maintaining radio. The second one - studied the coordination of movements, visual acuity, the possibility of a meal. In the third - recorded physiological parameters.
The results of each mission carefully analyzed physicians. In order to study the given effort in conditions of weightlessness using a special monitor, Gagarin left hand holding it at eye level, a large finger of his right hand pressed the lever, creating a muscular force of 750 g. The results recorded a special camera. Conducted and the sample letter. Gagarin wrote the name, date of flight, showing that a short stay in a state of weightlessness does not affect the astronaut's hand, laid down in the chair. In the three parabolic flight Gagarin was rated "excellent." Results flights persuaded that gravity is not an obstacle to human space flight. Started obzhivanie ship "Vostok". Astronauts thoroughly studied the ship learned of complex systems. Some of their proposals quickly realize engineers and designers. Gagarin was testing the first new suit in a spacecraft simulator. He first had to pass the State Commission on Space Technology. Again, assessment of "excellent." I must say that they do Titov was the most advanced. Both passed a supplementary examination academics Korolev, and VP-Glush to the extremely biased and strict, and got five. " Let me remind you that Gagarin was already three diploma with honors: vocational school (Lyubertsy of the Moscow Region), Saratov Industrial Technical and Chkalovsky military aviation school.
Exceptional talent and a wonderful memory helped Gagarin to become the best of the best, while all six astronauts were equally prepared, everyone can perform the task homeland. But most scientists and methodologists - NP Kamanin, SP Korolev, and the astronauts themselves felt that Gagarin is best suited for first flight. The chief designer before the final decision clearly made those qualities, which should have first astronaut: patriotism, courage, humility, sobriety instant calculation, iron will, knowledge, love for people. April 10, 1961 State Commission agreed that the first flight into space Yuri Gagarin. His alternates, was appointed German Titov. In response, Gagarin simply replied, "The task will be executed."
The evening of April 11, doctors AR Kotovskaya and I. T. Akulinichev strengthen the body astronaut sensors to record all physiological functions before the flight. At 21 h 50 min, after medical examination, the doctor EA Karpov wrote: "blood pressure astronaut 115 75. Pulse 64 beats per minute, temperature - 36,7 °".
Twelfth April 1961 world did not know that preparing startler century. Senior Lieutenant Gagarin and Titov stood at 5.30 am, made a charge, umylis, breakfast. Doctors conducted a preflight inspection, helped astronauts wear armor. A special bus Gagarin and Titov was taken to the Baikonur launch site.
Before you climb the elevator in the ship's cabin, Gagarin smiled: "Well, brattsy, one for all and all for one!" And then the words were spoken, which now knows by heart every astronaut: "What can I say in these minutes before the start? All my life now seems a perfect moment. All that go before it was made for this moment. I know that I will gather all his will to the best of the assignment, knowing the responsibility of the problem. I will do everything in my power ... I say to you, dear friends, "Good-bye - as always talk to each other, people, traveling to far way. How would I want to hug you all, friends and strangers far and near. "
At 8 h 55 min doctors again had a record of physiological indicators. Gagarin repeatedly reported that the launch is ready. At 9 h 07 min "East" was released on the legendary Gagarinsky orbit. Already the first ten minutes of flight professionals have been able to fully appreciate the importance of systematic, intensive training. Do Gagarin was neither sudden difficulty breathing or vision problems, or pain. Maximum pulse rate in the first moments after the launch up to 152 attack, and breathing rate - 23 cycles per minute. Performance in these conditions of weightlessness have been declining and by the end of the flight reached the pre-values. Operational medical control allows you to continuously monitor the state of health of an astronaut using telemetry, radio and television.
"East" has been fitted with medical equipment and sensors to monitor all the physiological changes. Terrestrial radio and telemetry stations recorded oscillograms at Photolenta, recorded electrocardiogram and pnevmogramma. Transmitter Signal "continuously transmitted frequency of the pulse recorded on a magnetic le ^ those. At the Earth's doctors analyze these records, followed maleyshimi changes in astronauts. Since each ground medics reported their findings in the control center.
At 9 h 21 min now the state of weightlessness. During the transition from overload to zero at the Gagarin observed short-term spatial illusions, which will soon be gone. Yuri felt amazing ease. He reported the operator to "Dawn" that gravity moves normally, Gagarin flight proved that man is able to move in space handling, vibration, weightlessness, can work, drink, eat, can think and write. The handwriting at the Yuri Alekseevich was legible, all the necessary tasks and operations performed well, smoothly. Operability has remained at a high level. All activities that require fine coordination of movements (work with the hardware, manual control ship) carried out easily and freely.
Especially great doctors that Gagarin was not lost his great appetite. At the appointed time he was out a container of food - oxalic puree with meat, meat pate, and chocolate sauce. After lunch, using mouthpiece popil canned water. At 9 h 48 min Gagarin conveyed: "Feelings good mood heartily." At the moment the world has heard the voice of Yuri Levitan: 12 April 1961 in the Soviet Union launched into Earth orbit by the world's first spaceship-satellite "Vostok" with a man on board. "
The results of each mission carefully analyzed physicians. In order to study the given effort in conditions of weightlessness using a special monitor, Gagarin left hand holding it at eye level, a large finger of his right hand pressed the lever, creating a muscular force of 750 g. The results recorded a special camera. Conducted and the sample letter. Gagarin wrote the name, date of flight, showing that a short stay in a state of weightlessness does not affect the astronaut's hand, laid down in the chair. In the three parabolic flight Gagarin was rated "excellent." Results flights persuaded that gravity is not an obstacle to human space flight. Started obzhivanie ship "Vostok". Astronauts thoroughly studied the ship learned of complex systems. Some of their proposals quickly realize engineers and designers. Gagarin was testing the first new suit in a spacecraft simulator. He first had to pass the State Commission on Space Technology. Again, assessment of "excellent." I must say that they do Titov was the most advanced. Both passed a supplementary examination academics Korolev, and VP-Glush to the extremely biased and strict, and got five. " Let me remind you that Gagarin was already three diploma with honors: vocational school (Lyubertsy of the Moscow Region), Saratov Industrial Technical and Chkalovsky military aviation school.
Exceptional talent and a wonderful memory helped Gagarin to become the best of the best, while all six astronauts were equally prepared, everyone can perform the task homeland. But most scientists and methodologists - NP Kamanin, SP Korolev, and the astronauts themselves felt that Gagarin is best suited for first flight. The chief designer before the final decision clearly made those qualities, which should have first astronaut: patriotism, courage, humility, sobriety instant calculation, iron will, knowledge, love for people. April 10, 1961 State Commission agreed that the first flight into space Yuri Gagarin. His alternates, was appointed German Titov. In response, Gagarin simply replied, "The task will be executed."
The evening of April 11, doctors AR Kotovskaya and I. T. Akulinichev strengthen the body astronaut sensors to record all physiological functions before the flight. At 21 h 50 min, after medical examination, the doctor EA Karpov wrote: "blood pressure astronaut 115 75. Pulse 64 beats per minute, temperature - 36,7 °".
Twelfth April 1961 world did not know that preparing startler century. Senior Lieutenant Gagarin and Titov stood at 5.30 am, made a charge, umylis, breakfast. Doctors conducted a preflight inspection, helped astronauts wear armor. A special bus Gagarin and Titov was taken to the Baikonur launch site.
Before you climb the elevator in the ship's cabin, Gagarin smiled: "Well, brattsy, one for all and all for one!" And then the words were spoken, which now knows by heart every astronaut: "What can I say in these minutes before the start? All my life now seems a perfect moment. All that go before it was made for this moment. I know that I will gather all his will to the best of the assignment, knowing the responsibility of the problem. I will do everything in my power ... I say to you, dear friends, "Good-bye - as always talk to each other, people, traveling to far way. How would I want to hug you all, friends and strangers far and near. "
At 8 h 55 min doctors again had a record of physiological indicators. Gagarin repeatedly reported that the launch is ready. At 9 h 07 min "East" was released on the legendary Gagarinsky orbit. Already the first ten minutes of flight professionals have been able to fully appreciate the importance of systematic, intensive training. Do Gagarin was neither sudden difficulty breathing or vision problems, or pain. Maximum pulse rate in the first moments after the launch up to 152 attack, and breathing rate - 23 cycles per minute. Performance in these conditions of weightlessness have been declining and by the end of the flight reached the pre-values. Operational medical control allows you to continuously monitor the state of health of an astronaut using telemetry, radio and television.
"East" has been fitted with medical equipment and sensors to monitor all the physiological changes. Terrestrial radio and telemetry stations recorded oscillograms at Photolenta, recorded electrocardiogram and pnevmogramma. Transmitter Signal "continuously transmitted frequency of the pulse recorded on a magnetic le ^ those. At the Earth's doctors analyze these records, followed maleyshimi changes in astronauts. Since each ground medics reported their findings in the control center.
At 9 h 21 min now the state of weightlessness. During the transition from overload to zero at the Gagarin observed short-term spatial illusions, which will soon be gone. Yuri felt amazing ease. He reported the operator to "Dawn" that gravity moves normally, Gagarin flight proved that man is able to move in space handling, vibration, weightlessness, can work, drink, eat, can think and write. The handwriting at the Yuri Alekseevich was legible, all the necessary tasks and operations performed well, smoothly. Operability has remained at a high level. All activities that require fine coordination of movements (work with the hardware, manual control ship) carried out easily and freely.
Especially great doctors that Gagarin was not lost his great appetite. At the appointed time he was out a container of food - oxalic puree with meat, meat pate, and chocolate sauce. After lunch, using mouthpiece popil canned water. At 9 h 48 min Gagarin conveyed: "Feelings good mood heartily." At the moment the world has heard the voice of Yuri Levitan: 12 April 1961 in the Soviet Union launched into Earth orbit by the world's first spaceship-satellite "Vostok" with a man on board. "
At 10 h 45 min Yuri Gagarin landed near the village of Smelovki Saratov region. By curious coincidence of circumstances where for the first time in life took to the sky in an airplane. He met his wife Anne Forester Akimovna Tarkhanov with granddaughter Rita and collective farmer I. Rudenko. He stepped forward to them: "Hello, I - Pilot-cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin. And smiled as he knew how to smile just one. Difficult to calculate how many times before and after space flight, we met with Yuri Alekseevich. Seen at conferences, in classrooms, in summer the dining room. Especially, we are often met during training at the TU-104 A. Each of these meetings was interesting and aide in its own way. But the day-12 April-unforgettable. Later Gagarin himself say, "Flight of the space ship" Vostok ", seemed a miracle for many centuries, was in fact a reality, which hides a truly titanic work of designers, engineers, technicians and workers. The work of all the Soviet people. The space rocket - a symbol of our century . And as a single krepchayshem alloy merge into it, and rigorous science, technology and powerful, and high culture of the Soviet people. "
Endless modesty astronaut did not allow him to add to this "list" talent, will and perseverance first messenger of Earth into space, as Gagarin took great courage to overcome the severity of congestion. Not only space, pressed during the flight to the seat that hamper breathing, turn his head, moving his hands and feet, but also psychological. After all, the responsibility for the entire Soviet people, and consequently, the emotional stress was just gigantic!
러시아어를 구글 번역기를 통해 번역한 것으로 문장이 매끄럽지 않을 수 있습니다. 참고하세요.
Endless modesty astronaut did not allow him to add to this "list" talent, will and perseverance first messenger of Earth into space, as Gagarin took great courage to overcome the severity of congestion. Not only space, pressed during the flight to the seat that hamper breathing, turn his head, moving his hands and feet, but also psychological. After all, the responsibility for the entire Soviet people, and consequently, the emotional stress was just gigantic!
러시아어를 구글 번역기를 통해 번역한 것으로 문장이 매끄럽지 않을 수 있습니다. 참고하세요.
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